Why this matters
Stronger auth reduces risk of unauthorized disclosure of PHI.
Endpoints under /admin or privileged routes that can view or export ePHI must enforce multi-factor authentication and recent re-auth (e.g., within 15 minutes).
Stronger auth reduces risk of unauthorized disclosure of PHI.
Side-by-side examples engineers can pattern-match during review.
Route::middleware('auth')->get('/admin/export-phi', fn()=>Export::run());Route::middleware(['auth','mfa.recent:15'])->get('/admin/export-phi', fn()=>Export::run());Route::middleware('auth')->get('/admin/phi', ...);Route::middleware(['auth','mfa.recent:15'])->get('/admin/phi', ...);From the same buckets as this rule.
Before persisting ePHI, encrypt using a data key protected by a Key Management Service (KMS). Use authenticated encryption (AES-256-GCM or equivalent), rotate keys, and store the key id and algorithm with the record.